1st International Conference on Recent Advances in Anaesthesiology (INCRAA - 2009), 30 Jan – 01 Feb 2009 · Nehru Auditorium, AIIMS New Delhi

Introduction: Cardiac output (CO) is an important hemodynamic variable for guidance of therapy in ICU and after major surgeries. Intermittent bolus thermodilution technique with pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is the accepted gold standard. Concerns regarding safety and uncertain risk benefit ratio of PAC placement have lead to increased use of less invasive alternative measurement methods. CO measured by Impedance Cardiography (ICG) has been validated with the gold standard in various studies. Two other minimally invasive methods are Arterial Pressure based CO and Trans Esophageal Doppler (TED).